IMPACT OF MATERNAL INFECTIONS IN PREMATURE: A STUDY FOCUSED ON URINARY AND VAGINAL INFECTIONS

Abstract

Prematurity, characterized by birth before 37 weeks of gestation, is one of the main causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Among the various risk factors associated with premature birth, maternal infections, especially urinary tract and vaginal infections, stand out as significant and often underestimated influences. This study, carried out through a narrative bibliographic review, aims to synthesize the scientific evidence on the impact of these infections on prematurity. The review covered studies published between 2015 and 2024, addressing the prevalence of these infections during pregnancy, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved, and the most effective clinical interventions in preventing premature birth. The results indicate that urinary infections, such as asymptomatic bacteriuria, and vaginal infections, such as bacterial vaginosis, are significantly associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. Early interventions and appropriate antibiotic treatment have been shown to be effective in reducing this risk, although challenges such as antimicrobial resistance and variability in response to treatment still need to be addressed. The study highlights the need for more research to improve clinical practices and reduce the incidence of prematurity associated with maternal infections.